서울대학교 램프사업단

q-deformation of the Marchenko-Pastur law

admsnulamp — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 19:32:42 +0000

Abstract We study a q-deformed random unitary ensemble associated with the little-q Laguerre weight, which provides a discrete analogue of the classical Laguerre unitary ensemble. In the double scaling regime q = e(-lambda/N), where N is the system size and lambda >= 0, we derive the limiting spectral distribution as N -> infinity, which yields a q-deformation of the Marchenko-Pastur law. The limiting density undergoes a phase transition at an explicitly determined critical value lambda(c) : for lambda < lambda(c), the support consists of a single band region, whereas for lambda > lambda(c) an additional saturated region emerges adjacent to the band region. Our derivation of the limiting distribution is based on three complementary approaches: the method of moments, the analysis of a constrained equilibrium problem, and the asymptotic zero distribution of orthogonal polynomials. As a consequence, we establish the convergence of the empirical measure as well as a large deviation principle. In addition, we derive closed-form expressions for the spectral moments using the combinatorial structure of orthogonal polynomials, and obtain large-N expansions for these moments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnag134

Boltzmann sampling by diabatic quantum annealing

admsnulamp — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 19:26:49 +0000

Abstract Boltzmann sampling is a central component of many computational frameworks, including numerous algorithms in machine learning. Although quantum annealers have been investigated as potential fast Boltzmann samplers, their dependence on environmental noise makes precise control of the effective temperature difficult, introducing uncertainty into the sampling process. As an alternative, we propose diabatic quantum annealing-a faster, purely unitary process-as a controllable Boltzmann sampler in which the effective temperature is determined by the annealing rate. Using the ferromagnetic Ising model and the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model as test cases, we demonstrate that this method achieves rapid and accurate sampling in the high-temperature regime. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/9bc4-ddkc

Comparison of identifiability conditions in linear additive noise models

admsnulamp — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 19:22:55 +0000

Abstract This study investigates five prevalent identifiability conditions for linear additive noise models (ANMs): (i) equal error variance (EV), (ii) the conditional variance-based (CV), (iii) the diagonal entries of the inverse covariance matrix-based (DI), (iv) LiNGAM, and (v) variance-sortability conditions. It demonstrates that the CV condition identifies a strictly larger set of models than the DI condition. Hence, when it is unclear which condition holds for a given dataset, an algorithm based on the CV condition is expected to be more reliable for causal structure recovery than one based on the DI condition. Furthermore, we show that none of the EV, DI, or CV conditions has a nested (subset or superset) relationship with the other identifiability conditions such as LiNGAM or variance-sortability. The real dataset, 2022 Baseball Statistics, analyzed in Section 5 is available at http://eng.koreabaseball.com. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42952-026-00379-x

Spatiotemporal migration of slip localization zones along the Hambaeksan Fault, South Korea

admsnulamp — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:27:18 +0000

Abstract Fault zones commonly contain multiple principal slip zones (PSZs) that record distinct episodes of deformation, yet the detailed processes of the migration of activity among PSZs are poorly constrained. In fault zones that juxtapose lithologies with different mechanical properties, the interplay between mechanical heterogeneity, lithological contrasts, and thermal weakening during seismic slip is expected to have a primary influence on where and how slip localizes, but direct evidence of this process in natural fault zones is scarce. Here we present a microstructural, mineralogical, and thermal characterization of the Hambaeksan Fault, a strike-slip fault juxtaposing Ordovician carbonate rocks (Joseon Supergroup) against Carboniferous-Permian siliciclastic rocks (Pyeongan Supergroup) in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea. Integrated field, microscopic, and spectroscopic analyses reveal a similar to 45-cm-wide fault core comprising four compositionally distinct breccia units and two PSZs that record contrasting deformation histories. The PSZ at the lithological boundary preserves evidence for hightemperature seismogenic slip, including the incipient graphitization of carbonaceous material (similar to 300 degrees C) and kaolinite dehydroxylation (similar to 400 degrees C) accompanied by injection structures resulting from thermal pressurization. In contrast, the PSZ within the shale breccia lacks these thermal indicators. We propose a model of fault evolution in which thermal modification of the primary PSZ via frictional heating-induced fluidization and destruction of the slip zone foliation resulted in an increase in frictional resistance, thereby promoting the migration of slip localization into the mechanically weaker, phyllosilicate-rich shale breccia. The results show that frictional heating and mechanical heterogeneity control the migration of slip localization between lithologically contrasting sequences in fault zones. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2026.105755

On the Kolmogorov-Feller weak law of large numbers for the Fréchet mean on non-compact symmetric spaces

admsnulamp — Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:17:12 +0000

Abstract We prove the Kolmogorov-Feller weak law of large numbers for sample Fr & eacute;chet means on non-compact symmetric spaces. The result covers independent, non-identically distributed data, extending beyond the i.i.d. setting. Examples of symmetric positive-definite matrices and product symmetric spaces are provided. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2026.110875

Large-Scale Climate Drivers of the Interannual Variability of Marine Heat Waves in the Western North Pacific and Its Marginal S

admsnulamp — Thu, 18 Jun 2026 19:14:29 +0000

Abstract Marine heat waves (MHWs) are anomalously warm seawater events that can persist for months, harming marine ecosystems and biodiversity. The western North Pacific (WNP) and its marginal seas host productive ecosystems and densely populated coasts that have already experienced substantial ecological and socioeconomic impacts from MHWs. This study examined the interannual (,6 years) variability of MHWs in the WNP and its marginal seas using 41 years of satellite-based sea surface temperature and reanalysis data. Nearly half of the interannual peaks coincided with El Ni & ntilde;o-to-La Ni & ntilde;a transition periods, during which MHWs persisted throughout the year. During the boreal winter mature phase of El Ni & ntilde;o, southerly wind anomalies associated with the Philippine Sea anticyclone and Kuroshio anticyclone reduced turbulent heat loss, triggering MHWs. As El Ni & ntilde;o weakened and La Ni & ntilde;a developed, positive temperature anomalies in the thermocline weakened the vertical temperature gradient, thereby reducing the cooling associated with entrainment and vertical diffusion, which sustained MHWs during the summer. These subsurface temperature anomalies were maintained by negative wind stress curl associated with a westward-extended western North Pacific subtropical high and by oceanic eddies propagating westward in the subtropical countercurrent region. In contrast, during other MHW peak years without such transition events, MHWs appeared primarily in summer. An anticyclonic circulation embedded within the circumglobal teleconnection pattern may suppress convective activity, thereby enhancing downward shortwave radiation and leading to MHW occurrences. This study provides an integrated understanding of how MHWs in the WNP and its marginal seas are influenced by various large-scale climate drivers on the interannual time scale. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0390.1

Brain-inspired strategies for efficient artificial intelligence

admsnulamp — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 17:54:21 +0000

Abstract Despite being constrained by a rigid skull and a fixed number of neurons, the brain excels in processing diverse information and making adaptive decisions with remarkable efficiency. This raises a central question at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI): How does the brain achieve such high performance with limited physical resources? We addressed this question by examining the anatomical funneling architecture of the basal ganglia, a central hub for value-based decision-making. Through parallel processing, distinct circuits support cognitive flexibility and habitual stability, enabling efficient allocation of neural resources and context-sensitive engagement in specialized computations. In contrast, convergent processing compresses the input across circuits, allowing the efficient extraction of core information for decision-making, a form of quantitative efficiency that minimizes the number of neurons required. However, this compression can degrade the fidelity. To address this, the brain employs qualitative efficiency in which populationlevel neural patterns preserve fine-grained information and support generalization across similar contexts. Finally, we propose that the cortico-basal ganglia system achieves cognitive efficiency by funneling the anatomical structure and dimensionality reduction to optimize both performance and energy demands. These principles offer a biologically grounded framework for developing brain-inspired, resource-efficient artificial intelligence systems that balance generalization with precision. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mocell.2026.100365

Unconventional Hysteretic Charge Filling in Moiré-Reconstructed Helical Trilayer Graphene

admsnulamp — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 17:52:00 +0000

Abstract Moir & eacute; superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures are powerful tuning knobs for engineering electronic band structures and emergent phases. Expanding this framework to multi-moir & eacute; architectures enables the discovery of novel quantum states, as hierarchically superposed patterns generate a versatile and sophisticated electronic landscape. Moreover, competition between interlayer interactions and lattice strain can drive structural reconfigurations, forming periodic domains delineated by aperiodic boundaries. Here, anomalous hysteretic charge filling is observed in helical trilayer graphene, where sequential twist angles create a complex moir & eacute;-of-moir & eacute; environment. Transport measurements reveal dual electronic signatures: moir & eacute;-induced minibands in periodic domains, and a distinct hysteretic resistance signal from the aperiodic boundaries. These observations can be interpreted within the framework of partial electron localization driven by the loss of global periodicity in the incommensurate regime. This work provides insights into how spatially inhomogeneous potentials reshape electronic states and establishes a pathway for controlling quantum phases in non-periodic lattice environments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.75919

Incorporating Auxiliary Information into Assessment of Accuracy and Discrimination of Risk Models When Some Predictors are Miss

admsnulamp — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 17:47:11 +0000

Abstract Validating a risk model in independent data is an important step before recommending it for broad use. However, some model predictors may be missing for some subjects in the validation data, either randomly or by design. Missingness by design occurs for case-cohort or nested case-control studies, in which some predictors are measured only for sub-sampled subjects. Standard approaches to handling missing data are weighting and imputation. We propose adjusting known sampling weights by incorporating auxiliary information available for all cohort members to improve the efficiency of weighted estimates of measures of classification accuracy and discrimination for a risk prediction model when validating it in sub-samples of a cohort. We study estimates of the true and false positive rates for specific risk thresholds, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), the proportion of cases followed (to assess the usefulness of models for screening applications), and the positive and negative predictive values. We use influence functions as auxiliary variables for efficient weight adjustment and compare the efficiency of the resulting estimates to that based on weights adjusted using more heuristically derived auxiliary variables. We derive analytic variance estimates that incorporate the weight estimation. We compare using weight adjustment to using multiple imputation in simulations. While multiple imputation was often efficient, it yielded biased estimates of the performance measures for mis-specified imputation models. To illustrate these methods further we assess the performance of an absolute risk model for second primary thyroid cancer in an independent cohort. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.70587

Discovery of a KLHL41 Ligand for Muscle Specific Protein Degradation

admsnulamp — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 17:41:16 +0000

Abstract Despite the recent advancement of proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) development, they remain predominantly dependent on two E3 ligases, CRBN and VHL, which are ubiquitously expressed in all types of cells. Recently, efforts to discover tissue-specific E3 ligase ligands get attention as a promising strategy to enable tissue-specific protein degradation and avoid off-target tissue effects. Advancing this line of research, we discover a ligand of KLHL41, a muscle-specific E3 ligase, through virtual screening. Building on the KLHL41 ligand, we develop KBD-1, a muscle-specific BRD4-targeting PROTAC with micromolar activity. To enhance degradation efficiency, we employ a two-body kinetic strategy, resulting in the covalent PROTAC cKBD-1, which achieves sub-nanomolar activity. cKBD-1 demonstrates muscle-specific BRD4 degradation through KLHL41 recruitment both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the KLHL41 ligand enables AR-targeting PROTAC development, demonstrating its broad applicability. These findings highlight the potential of KLHL41 as a platform for tissue-specific protein degradation and its applicability in therapeutic development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73252-4

Exploring how deep learning decodes anomalous diffusion via Grad-CAM

admsnulamp — Fri, 12 Jun 2026 17:33:24 +0000

Abstract While deep learning has been successfully applied to the data-driven classification of anomalous diffusion mechanisms, how the algorithm achieves the feat remains a mystery. Using a well-known technique aimed at achieving explainable AI, namely the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Map (Grad-CAM), we investigate how deep learning (implemented by ResNets) recognizes the distinctive features of a particular anomalous diffusion model from the raw trajectory data. Our results show that Grad-CAM reveals the portions of the trajectory that hold crucial information about the underlying mechanism of anomalous diffusion, which can be utilized to enhance the robustness of the trained classifier against the measurement noise. Moreover, we observe that deep learning distills unique statistical characteristics of different diffusion mechanisms at various spatiotemporal scales, with larger-scale (smaller-scale) features identified at higher (lower) layers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71229-x

Re-assessment of the taxonomy of Antarctic mushrooms from King George Island, Antarctica

admsnulamp — Fri, 29 May 2026 15:55:29 +0000

Abstract King George Island, one of the most rapidly warming regions in maritime Antarctica, has experienced pronounced expansion of ice-free areas and proliferation of cryptogamic vegetation in recent decades. This accelerated ecological greening has been accompanied by repeated reports of Arrhenia, Galerina, and Omphalina species. However, despite their frequent occurrence, comprehensive taxonomic assessments of these Antarctic mushrooms remain limited and unresolved. We applied an integrative systematic framework combining morphological examination, multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction, species delimitation analyses, and chemical analyses to 50 mushroom specimens collected from vegetated ice-free areas of King George Island. By integrating polyphasic evidence, we confirmed four species (Arrhenia antarctica, Galerina fallax, Galerina venenata, and Omphalina frigida) and resolved several historical taxonomic uncertainties related to these species. This study provides the first phylogenetic analysis of Arrhenia antarctica, a first mushroom species documented from Antarctica. Additionally, regarding Antarctic Omphalina, for which several new species have recently been reported from Antarctica, we verified that the real species diversity has been inflated and have rectified it. Lastly, LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed amanitin production in materials identified as Galerina pseudomycenopsis, thereby clarifying previous taxonomic ambiguity within the Galerina marginata species complex by synonymizing Galerina pseudomycenopsis with Galerina venenata. Divergence-time estimation further suggests that Antarctic lineages diversified before current climate warming, likely in association with repeated glacial-interglacial cycles that reshaped ice-free habitats in Antarctica. By clarifying species identities and integrating multilocus phylogenetics with temporal inference, this study revises the taxonomy of key Antarctic mushrooms and provides a robust framework for future investigation in their diversity, ecological roles, and potential adaptive mechanisms associated with Antarctic greening in extreme environments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.132.191126

Tracing magmatic-hydrothermal processes in IOCG systems: The Shabdiz iron deposit, Iran

admsnulamp — Fri, 29 May 2026 15:31:33 +0000

Abstract The Shabdiz Fe deposit, located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Structural Zone of Iran, comprises magnetite- and hematite-dominated mineralization within metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, spatially associated with sodic-calcic and potassic hydrothermal alteration. Magnetite occurs as massive to lenticular bodies, with hematite and minor pyrite. The earliest stage involved granular magnetite and specularite linked to sodic-calcic alteration, followed by platy magnetite, mushketovite, titanomaghemite, and secondary hematite during potassic alteration. A later chlorite-epidote alteration overprinted earlier assemblages, and quartz-pyrite veins cut across all phases. Field and mineralogical evidence supports an iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG)-type genesis. Variations in magnetite texture and trace elements (e.g., Ti, V, Co, Ni, and Ga) reflect progressive hydrothermal evolution. High-temperature, oxidized fluids during early stages formed granular magnetite, while later, more oxidized fluids formed platy magnetite and hematite. Mushketovite formed via hematite replacement, and late-stage pyrite indicates sulfide deposition after magnetite crystallization. Fluid inclusion data show the presence of NaCl- and CaCl2-rich fluids. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulfur isotopes suggest mixing of deepsourced, basin-derived fluids with magmatic inputs, a key process driving metal transport and precipitation. These features collectively indicate IOCG-type mineralization at Shabdiz. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2026.108098

Mesenteric macrophage-monocyte circuit controls systemic inflammation during enteric bacterial infection

admsnulamp — Fri, 29 May 2026 14:45:35 +0000

Abstract Although the gut mesentery is anatomically linked to the intestines, the roles of mesentery-resident macrophages and mesentery-recruited monocytes, particularly in gut inflammation, remain poorly defined. Here, we show that mesenteric macrophage-monocyte interactions limit systemic infection during Salmonella Typhimurium (STm)-induced gut inflammation. Using Ccr2-deficient mice and fate-mapping approaches, we identified two distinct granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP)-derived macrophage populations in the gut mesentery, LYVE1hi TIM4(-) and LYVE1lo/- TIM4(-) subsets, alongside embryonically derived LYVE1hi TIM4(+) macrophages. LYVE1lo/- TIM4(-) macrophages, but not LYVE1hi macrophages, removed excessively recruited neutrophils during STm infection, whereas newly mesentery-recruited monocytes were the primary source of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, depletion of mesentery-resident macrophages in mice lacking Csf1 in serous stromal cells resulted in excessive recruitment of GMP-derived monocytes accompanied by elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines, thereby accelerating mortality during STm infection. Together, our findings reveal that the mesenteric macrophage-monocyte circuit buffers the escalation of gut infection into systemic inflammation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20251492

A framework to infer de novo exonic variants when parental genotypes are missing enhances association studies of autism

admsnulamp — Wed, 20 May 2026 18:06:31 +0000

Abstract Motivation Gene-damaging mutations are highly informative for studies seeking to discover genes underlying developmental disorders. Traditionally, these de novo variants are recognized by evaluating high-quality DNA sequence from affected offspring and parents. However, when parental sequence is unavailable, methods are required to infer de novo status and use this inference for association studies.Results We use data from autism spectrum disorder to illustrate and evaluate methods. Separating de novo from rare inherited variants is challenging because the latter are far more common. Using a classifier for unbalanced data and variants of known inheritance class, we build an inheritance model and then a de novo score for variants when parental data are missing. Next, we propose a new Random Draw (RD) model to use this score for gene discovery. Built into an existing inferential framework, RD produces a more powerful gene-based association test and controls the false discovery rate.Availability and implementation Codes are available at Github (https://github.com/HaeunM/TADA-RD) and Zenodo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18531769

Spectral moments of complex and symplectic non-Hermitian random matrices

admsnulamp — Wed, 20 May 2026 17:58:12 +0000

Abstract We study non-Hermitian random matrices belonging to the symmetry classes of the complex and symplectic Ginibre ensemble, and present a unifying and systematic framework for analysing mixed spectral moments involving both holomorphic and anti-holomorphic parts. For weight functions that induce a recurrence relation of the associated planar orthogonal polynomials, we derive explicit formulas for the spectral moments in terms of their orthogonal norms. This includes exactly solvable models such as the elliptic Ginibre ensemble and non-Hermitian Wishart matrices. In particular, we show that the holomorphic spectral moments of complex non-Hermitian random matrices coincide with those of their Hermitian limit up to a multiplicative constant, determined by the non-Hermiticity parameter. Moreover, we show that the spectral moments of the symplectic non-Hermitian ensemble admit a decomposition into two parts: one corresponding to the complex ensemble and the other constituting an explicit correction term. This structure closely parallels that found in the Hermitian setting, which naturally arises as the Hermitian limit of our results. Within this general framework, we perform a large-N asymptotic analysis of the spectral moments for the elliptic Ginibre and non-Hermitian Wishart ensemble, revealing the mixed moments of the elliptic and non-Hermitian Marchenko-Pastur laws. Furthermore, for the elliptic Ginibre ensemble, we employ a recently developed differential operator method for the associated correlation kernel, to derive an alternative explicit formula for the spectral moments and obtain their genus-type large-N expansion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0311362

Discovery of a New Tetrahydroquinoline-Based Chemotype for STING Inhibition with In Vivo Efficacy against Acute Kidney Injury

admsnulamp — Mon, 18 May 2026 19:16:46 +0000

Abstract Aberrant activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) drives excessive type I interferon and inflammatory responses implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we report the discovery of a tetrahydroquinoline-based STING inhibitor chemotype, represented by KSI-028, that expands the limited scaffold diversity of current small-molecule STING inhibitors. Mechanistic studies suggest that KSI-028 engages STING through a noncanonical, likely allosteric, binding mode with sustained target engagement. KSI-028 potently suppressed STING-dependent signaling and reduced type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in both murine and human cells. In a cisplatin-induced AKI mouse model, KSI-028 attenuated renal and hepatic injury and down-regulated STING-associated inflammatory gene expression. These findings establish the tetrahydroquinoline scaffold as a promising foundation for the development of next-generation STING inhibitors with alternative target engagement modes for the treatment of STING-driven inflammatory disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c00162

Nanoscale Mapping of Plasmonic Charge Transport in Nano-Resonators Based on Resistive Switching Materials

admsnulamp — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 16:35:45 +0000

Abstract Metamaterials-based nano-resonators have been extensively studied due to their precise controllability for tuning electromagnetic waves, while it is difficult to map the effects of resonating-light on electrical-transport. Here, conductivities and the effects of charge-traps with nanoscale resolutions are mapped in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)-based nano-resonator under resonant excitations. In this strategy, a high electric-field out of surface-plane is applied through a conducting nano-probe, and the probe scans to induce a phase-transition. Results implicate an insulating-to-conducting-phase transition induced by electric-field, due to the formation of filament-like conducting-paths. Utilizing contrasting electrical and optical properties of conducting- and insulating-phases, nano-resonators are fabricated on the surface of GST. Then, plasmonic-conductivities and the effects of charge-trap in nano-resonators are mapped. Nano-resonators with linear-gratings show plasmonic photocurrent upon illumination at selective-wavelengths depending on grating-elements. Contrarily, square-shaped nano-resonators effectively produce plasmonic effects on a broad wavelength range due to the large number of available modes, as evident from plasmonic-wave simulations. Importantly, plasmonic effects prohibit the re-trapping of carriers, resulting in dramatically low trap densities. Moreover, simulation shows that plasmonic effects are pronounced at short-wavelengths, providing high plasmonic-conductivities and low charge-trap densities. The mapping of plasmonic-transport properties can have significant impacts on basic research and applications of phase-change material-based-plasmonic devices. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202520251

Ethnicity or convenience? The effect of claims on Chinese consumers' hedonic and emotional responses to Korean ethnic home-meal

전지현 — Thu, 09 Apr 2026 17:18:19 +0000

Abstract

Presenting ethnic food with appropriate claims may help to reduce consumers' reluctance to try them by increasing familiarity and evoking positive emotions. This study examined how claims influence Chinese consumers' hedonic and emotional responses to Korean ethnic home-meal-replacement products. Chinese consumers residing in China (n = 156) rated their acceptance and emotional responses to two Korean ethnic foods (Tteokbokki and Japchae) under different claim conditions before and after tasting. The experimental claims emphasized the ethnic origin or convenience of food. Claim, sample, and tasting significantly affected overall liking, with a significant claim × tasting interaction indicating that claim effects were dependent on the evaluation stage. When no claim was provided, overall liking increased after tasting, suggesting that sensory experience recalibrated initially low expectations. In contrast, when claims were present, liking was elevated prior to tasting and remained stable thereafter. Claim effects were more pronounced for the less familiar product, Japchae, whereas liking for the more familiar product, Tteokbokki, remained relatively stable across tasting stages. Regarding emotional responses, the convenience-related claim significantly decreased ratings of secured, while the ethnicity-related claims elicited heightened high arousal emotion such as curious and tempting before tasting. Overall, these findings suggest that claims primarily influence expectations and emotional responses before tasting, while their effects on hedonic acceptance are moderated by tasting stage and product familiarity.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119039

Generalized Fréchet means with random minimizing domains and its strong consistency

전지현 — Thu, 09 Apr 2026 17:05:23 +0000

SUMMARY This paper introduces a novel extension of Fréchet means, referred to as generalized Fréchet means, as a comprehensive framework for describing the characteristics of random elements. The generalized Fréchet mean is defined as the minimizer of a cost function, and the framework encompasses various extensions of Fréchet means that have appeared in the literature. The most distinctive feature of the proposed framework is that it allows the domain of minimization for the empirical generalized Fréchet means to be random and different from that of its population counterpart. This flexibility broadens the applicability of the Fréchet mean framework to various statistical scenarios, including sequential dimension reduction for non-Euclidean data. We establish a strong consistency theorem for generalized Fréchet means and demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework by verifying the consistency of principal geodesic analysis on the hypersphere. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asag002